Working with Folders

Learning Goals

At the end of this Tutorial you will be able to:

• Create a logical folder structure for the various files typically used in website projects.
• View the full names of files on Microsoft Windows 10 and 11.

Creating your folder structure

Before creating any web pages, it’s a good idea to create a location on your computer to store them.

Working with web pages is very different to working with Microsoft Word or Adobe Photoshop. With those apps, you are typically working with only a single file at any one time.

In contrast, web pages can contain lots of files. There is the web page itself (an HTML file), one or more stylesheets (CSS files), several images (JPG or PNG files) and maybe some JavaScript code (JS files) and videos (MP4 files) as well.

That’s a lot of files to keep track of!

Moreover, any one website will commonly contain multiple web pages, and each of these will have its own list of images and other files.

Creating your ‘main’ folder

Your first step is to create a 📁 folder on your computer to store all your web design work – all your files and sub-folders. You can think of this as your ‘main’ or ‘high-level’ folder.

For Microsoft Windows users, here are the steps:

1. Open File Explorer.
2. In the left-hand column, click either on Documents or your C: drive.
3. On the next screen displayed, in the blank space at the right side, right-click and choose New | New folder from the context menu.
4. Give your new folder a name. For example, websites.
   

   DO NOT type upper-case letters. Type websites.

   DO NOT type 'Websites' or 'WEBSITES'.

   DO NOT type blank spaces such as 'web sites'.

✅  That’s it. In future, you will never need to wonder where your web-related files are located on your computer – they will always be in your 📁 websites folder.

Creating your ‘exercises’ sub-folder

Creating your ‘main’ 📁 websites folder is only a first step. You will be working with many dozens of files in this course. To keep your files organised, you will be creating a number of sub-folders. And many of these will, in turn, contain sub-folders of their own.

Follow these steps to create a sub-folder to store the exercise files you will work with in this and the next few Tutorials.

1. In Windows, open File Explorer.
2. Select and display your 📁 websites folder.
3. In the blank space at the right side, right-click and choose New | New folder from the context menu.
4. Give your new sub-folder this name:   exercises  
   

   DO NOT type upper-case letters. Type exercises.

   DO NOT type 'Exercises' or 'EXERCISES'.

✅  All done. Your folder and sub-folder structure should now look as shown below.

Viewing the full names of files

You will find it easier to work with the various types of files you will meet in web design when you can see the full name of each file.

By default, the Finder on Apple Macs shows the name of every file in full.

Microsoft Windows, however, hides the second part of file names, known as the file name extension.

Follow the steps below to view file name extensions in Windows 11.

1. Open File Explorer.
2. Click the View menu and then the Show command.
3. From the sub-menu now displayed, select the File name extensions option.

And here are the steps for Windows 10:

1. Open File Explorer.
2. In the menu at the top of the screen, click the View option.
3. You are now shown a new ribbon of options. Check the box named File name extensions.

✅  In future, all files will shown with their full file name that includes the file name extension.

Pinning File Explorer to your Windows Taskbar

If you are using Windows, you can add File Explorer to the Taskbar along the bottom of your Windows desktop. You can then launch it at any time with a single click.

Follow these steps:

1. In the Search Box at the left of the Taskbar, enter "File Explorer" (without quotes).
2. When the File Explorer icon is displayed in the list of search results, right-click on it.
3. Choose Pin to taskbar from the list of options displayed.

In future, when you need to launch File Explorer, you can simply click its icon on the Taskbar.

✅  Another task completed. You are now ready to create your first web pages.